Echinacea is one of the most commonly used herbs in America. This herb, widely available in most health food stores, is used primarily for the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Although previous studies showed that Echinacea treatment might decrease the risk of getting a cold as well as shorten its duration, the most recent studies have demonstrated no significant benefit. Although the majority of studies show no benefit from Echinacea treatment for the common cold, this herb is still used as some individuals appear to get good results. But what about the side effects? Considering that the majority of studies show limited benefit when it comes to treating the common cold, should you risk the side effects of this herb for a small theoretical benefit?

How does Echinacea treatment work?

Echinacea treatment supposedly acts as a modulator of the immune system, meaning that it theoretically stimulates the immune system to fight off viruses and infections more effectively. It also has several chemical components that are thought to directly kill viruses and other microorganisms. Studies have supported its antiviral activity against viruses such as the common cold and influenza virus. Unfortunately, this doesn't always hold true when it comes to results in the human body. Many variables could potentially alter the effects of this herb such as the quality of Echinacea being taken as well as the individual constitution of the person taking it. It appears that the root of the plant has the most antimicrobial and immune modulating potential. Unfortunately, many of the Echinacea brands purchased at local health food stores have been shown to have lower levels of active ingredients than advertised.

Who should avoid taking Echinacea?

Although Echinacea is usually well tolerated in the majority of the people who take it, it should not be used by anyone who has a history of immune system problems or autoimmune disease since it acts by further stimulating the immune system. It should also be avoided by people who have seasonal allergies as a potentially serious reaction could occur.

What are the most common side effects of Echinacea treatment?

What about more common side effects of Echinacea treatment? The most common adverse effects are related to the gastrointestinal tract including nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, loose stools, and indigestion. Dizziness, lightheadedness, and wheezing have also been reported. Echinacea should also be used with caution if other prescription medications are being taken since there's the potential for drug interaction. Always check with your doctor before self medicating yourself with Echinacea.

The bottom line

Although Echinacea treatment is safe to use in most people, the potential for serious side effects should be weighed against the benefits. Because the most recent studies haven't supported its effectiveness in preventing or treating the common cold, it may be best to save your money unless new data emerges.