More Ways to Stay Sharp

Don't smoke
Smokers generally perform worse than non-smokers in studies of memory and cognitive function. No-one knows whether smoking directly impairs memory or is linked to memory loss because it causes diseases that contribute to poorer brain function. In addition, smoking increases the risk of stroke and hypertension, two other causes of memory impairment.
In any case, if you smoke, it pays to give up. Research shows that people who stop smoking have less mental decline than those who continue to smoke.

Be social
Close ties with others can improve the cognitive performance of older people, according to a US population study on aging and other research. Social support can come from relationships with friends, relatives or carers.
A Canadian study published in 2003 identified a lack of relationships with friends and family as a risk factor for cognitive decline. The study, which followed people over the age of 65 for four years, found that the probability of maintaining good cognitive function was highest among people who socialized often and had strong social ties; the probability of losing cognitive function was highest among people who had the least contact with others.
Social engagement often goes together with intellectually stimulating activities, which in turn promote good memory function. Social relationships can also help support you during stressful times, reducing the damaging effects that stress can have on the brain.

Drink in moderation
While excessively heavy drinking can harm your memory, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages may be beneficial. Research suggests that drinking up to one drink a day may reduce the risk of dementia. But excessive consumption of alcohol is toxic to neurons and is the leading risk factor for Korsakoff's syndrome, a disorder that causes sudden and irreversible memory loss.
If you're a heavy drinker, cutting back can prevent further memory loss and may lead to some recovery of damaged memory function.

Watch your head
Head trauma often results in memory impairment, which is a risk factor for future development of dementia. You can prevent head injury by using the appropriate helmet and gear during high-speed activities and contact sports.
Car accidents are by far the most common cause of brain injury and wearing seatbelt greatly reduces the injury risk. Use a helmet when cycling or riding a motorbike.
And you can lower the risk of concussion by wearing a mouth guard, which deflects the force of a blow to the chin, during contact sports such as rugby, football, hockey, basketball and martial arts.

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