MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION --- “Moveve” – To Move (Latin)

Definition:

It is an actuating force which inspires a man to put his best in accomplishment of a task.

Or

Motivation is set of process that arouse, direct and maintain human behaviour towards attaining some goals.

Needs, drive, behaviour, goals, rewards (+) or (-)

Scope of Motivation. Very wide as it affects every walk of a person’s life.

- All employees from top management to the lower most cadre
- Student/teacher motivation in eduacaton institution.
- Consumer motivation to buy a product of a particular company.
- Motivation of the electorate to vote.
- Defence Forces.
- Join religious/god-man institutions.
- Voluntary Organisations.

Theories of Motivation.

Maslow Hierarchical Needs
Self Actualisation

Esteem/Ego/Status

Social Acceptance/Belongingness

Safety/security

Physiological/survival

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs

Hertzberg’s Theory

Maintenance/Hygiene Factors Motivation Factors

Maintenance/Hygiene Factors. Absence of maintenance/Hygiene factors lead to de-motivation but their presence does not necessarily mean motivation of a person.
- Company Policy
- Supervisory Policy
- Salary
- Interpersonal relations
- Job security
- Working conditions

Motivational Factors. Presence of these factors most often than not will motivate a person to perform better.
- Achievement
- Recognition
- Responsibility
- Opportunity
- Work itself

Douglas McGregor XY Theory. This theory is two sets of assumptions by the same person which were published around 6 years apart.

Theory X Theory Y
Old and traditional assumptions New and dynamic assumptions
Dislikes and avoids work Enjoys working
Avoids responsibility Accepts responsibility
Controls, threats and punishment are needed Self disciplined
Prefers to be directed and has few ambitions Highly imaginative and ambitious
Negative approach Positive approach
Communication from top to bottom 2 way communication
Autocratic Leadership Democratic
No involvement in decision making Higher involvement in planning
Pessimistic, rigid and static Optimistic, flexible and dynamic

Methods of Motivating People

1. Financial Incentives.

(a) Wage payment
(b) Incentive Pay
(c) Bonus
(d) Company paid insurance
(e) Perks
(f) Retirement payment incentives

2. Non Financial Incentives.

(a) High Position
(b) Consulted while Decision making
(c) Greater responsibility
(d) Token rewards

3. Positive Reinforcements.

(a) Improving work environment
(b) Appreciation and praise
(c) More facilities at work environment

4. Participation.

(a) Decision making
(b) Plans & Policies

5. Job enrichment.

(a) Job should be more interesting, meaningful and challenging

6. Humanise the work environment respect the need to treat each employee as individual